Wednesday, September 11, 2013

SEPTEMBER 11 = 9/11: What Were YOU Doing That Day?

Betty Mallard, UT Austin School of Music:

I remember exactly where I was and what I was thinking on 9/11/01. I had gone to school early to pick up something. I walked past Charles Ball's office and he had his TV on. I glanced in and SAW a plane fly into the building and thought he was watching a movie. Then went back home, Harry was working in the garden and Dani (Danielle Martin) called me, hysterical, with the news that we, the USA, had been attacked. TV went on and there was the horrifying news. Later that day we had an Executive Committee meeting. It was interesting hearing the differing reactions of the faculty regarding holding the meeting on that day. Rose Taylor spoke about how she felt we were not showing proper reverence for what had happened by holding the meeting--a justified view-point. I think it was Don Grantham who said he had wanted to have the meeting to keep things going--since the people that did this were after disruption of our country.

Jennifer Mc Donough, San Francisco, California:

I remember Jim woke me up very early in the morning 6:00 am (He often gets up early and turns on the news and reports back to me about anything crazy that is going on, usually I would rather get some sleep, the news can wait!) or so, turned on the TV and said "Look what happened!" I was lying with our 2 month old baby Quinn. We both watched ,stunned. Every channel was covering the news!

Donna Messerle, Cincinnati, Ohio:

My story for that day is probably sort of boring. That's why I didn't respond to your question. But I'll share it with you anyway and you can be the judge!

On that horrible day, I was a stay at home mom. My kids were at school, husband at work and I was at home cleaning my house.

My husband called and told me to turn on the TV stating that a plane had crashed into one of the Twin Towers. Not having a TV in his office, he was relying on me to be his eyes. I remember seeing that and instantly feeling ill as I described to my husband the scene that was before me. As I was talking to him the second plane then hit. I screamed into the phone what had just occurred. My husband didn't believe me. He thought it was just a repeat of what had already happened with the first tower. He stayed on the phone with me as I cried and described the horrific scene. A bit of time had passed I remember telling him, "It's going to fall." He said, "No way that building is going to fall" I said it again, "It's going to fall. I'm telling you, It's going to fall." He really didn't believe me.

Honestly Brian, I don't think I was "right" for a couple of months. I remember nothing "felt" right. I couldn't find a place that "felt" the same. Negativity was everywhere. I'd never experienced that feeling before or since.

Amy Alexander Power, Cincinnati, Ohio :

On that horrible day, I was teaching school—Norwood Middle School—6th grade. The school I taught in was not affluent, but we did have old television sets in each of our classrooms. That morning, as my students and I were working on reading comprehension activites, an announcement came over the PA to turn on our TVs as we needed to see an emergency news report. We were also told to stand by for Code Red—which means “teacher talk”—get ready to move students to safe grounds. I had no idea what to expect, and certainly did not expect to see the horror I saw unfolding on the television. What made it particularly terrible for me was that I was watching it with my students—ages 11-13years of age. I will never forget their faces as they watched the planes, the smoke. It was surreal. At first, many of the them, thought it was a movie of some sort. I watched them realize that this was all for real and many began to cry and shake. They asked me what they should do, where should we go. Would there be planes coming for us? Unbelievably, I was able to calmly reassure them that we were together and that I would make sure that nothing happened (although I was not sure of this myself). I began to worry about how I would get to my own daughter who was at her own school. What about my mother? So many things flash through your mind at times like these.

As they day unfolded, with more horror and more information on what was really happening, revealed,  I wondered what is happening to my America? I am proud of how the we, the American people, came together during this tragedy. I am proud of how President Bush responded to the situation. I particularly loved his “Ground Zero” speech to the rescue workers! We are a great and resilient people! Good will win!

Hope Barnett, Mason, Ohio:

I didn't have to work that day, so I slept in. I got up and turned on the radio and heard the
djs talking about what happened. I then turned on the TV just before the second building collapsed. I was all alone except for my dog. Mom was in Colorado (where my sister, Penny lived at the time) babysitting for a month while my sister and her husband were in Manhattan on business. He traveled the country teaching seminars and had to be in New York for that trip, and Penny went with him. When I saw what was happening, I called Mom immediately and said "Where's Penny?" and she said "I haven't heard from her, but Ryan's secretary called and said she is okay." Penny was able to get through to her because it was a 1-800 number and they were not clogged up like all the other lines were, so she called her and asked her to call Mom to let her and her kids know she was okay. Penny said she was in a hotel that was right next door to the Empire State Building, and heard the first plane go by. She was in bed and thought to herself "Wow, that sounded low!", but she didn't get up to look at it until later. We didn't get to hear from her directly until later that night and she was walking around the city and it was a ghost town. The city that never sleeps was like it had never been before - still and quiet. As for me, here at home, my dog followed me around all day - she never left my side. She could tell something was terribly wrong and she wanted to make sure I was okay. I was having anxiety attacks just thinking about what happened to us as a nation. I couldn't stop watching the footage. I was a mess, as we all were!

Marilyn Williams, Indiana:

On the morning of 9/11/2001 my husband and I were in the office of our Eye Dr. We were preparing to leave, when the receptionist got a phone call. It was obviously from a friend or family member, and not a patient. All of a sudden her conversation went from being friendly and upbeat to being VERY SERIOUS. We could tell from the look on her face, that she was being told of something very horrible that was going on. When she hung up, she hurriedly went to the back room of the office and turned on the TV set. She told everyone in the office the news of the first plane crashing into the tower and we watched for a few minutes. We left the office and hurried home to watch the 2nd plane fly into the second tower and were riveted to the TV for the rest of the day.

Carlann Evans, Fort Meyers, Florida:

Normally I have the TV on to the NBC Today Show. But I decided to have a quiet morning, do some cleaning (as I was 8 months pregnant!!) and then the phone rang. No. It wasn't about the attack, just yet. It was my mother-in-law from England. She was deciding on a date for when she should come over after the baby was born. I had so much on my mind with this being our first child that at that moment in time, I was in my own world until....

Then I can't exactly remember how, or who told me, but I was in the living room of my Ft. Myers apartment. I think my husband Alan called me and told me to "Turn the TV on, there’s been an attack". The enormity of it did not immediately sink in as I was trying to figure out what was going on. Then, my father called me from Cleveland. He was visiting my brother there - a rarity for him to travel let me tell you. In a strange way, I was glad he was there and with family. Not on his own like he normally is.

It all seemed too surreal that all we did the rest of the day was watch the TV. I can't really remember much after that as it was more of a feeling - the deepest kind of foreboding, and sadness. Here I was about to experience what should be the most joyous event in anyone’s life, and all these lives had been cut short in front of my eyes. Literally. I could hardly bear to watch, yet, watch I did. And I cried. The emotions are so strong that you can't think you can feel something that deep....and to think of the pregnant women who lost their husbands on that day made me worry that if I got too emotionally involved I might somehow hurt my own unborn child.....it was all too much.

We are commemorating this event in our orchestra. I know that I will feel some of those same feelings again, even while on stage, and it will be hard to contain myself, yet I don't care. We should weep for these people who lost their lives. Who steered the plane away from homes. For all those growing up without a parent, son, daughter, mother, father, wife or husband. Time helps, and we do have joy in life, but we should also remember.

Chris Lee, Cincinnati, Ohio

I was asleep. Got a call from my Grandmother in NY city saying the city was getting bombed. My
parents are from NY city so I have a lot of family there. It took me a minute to digest what she said so I turned on the TV and saw the smoking towers. Get this story:
My Mom had an accountant out there that handled my Grandmother’s (who passed away in 1997) accounts. My Mom had to call him about stuff when that happened and couldn’t get hold of him all week... As it turns out... he overslept for the first time in like 30 years, thus missing the train that took him to work at the WTC. So oversleeping saved his life. Everyone in his office was killed. Another story: My Aunt had a job interview in the WTC the week before and also had another job interview closer to home in the Bronx. The WTC job paid more but as I said, the second job was closer to home. My Aunt decided to take the more lucrative job in the WTC. The weekend before, my Mom calls her and says "You know...you should probably take the job closer to home." My Aunt took my Mom's advice and wasn't at the WTC when it went down.

Carol S., Troy, Ohio:

I was a manager for McDonald's at the time. I worked the very early shift and that day happened to be my short day that week. I got off of work at 9am. I was just finishing things up, reports and telling the manager relieving me all the important information you exchange at shift change when a customer came in and said an airplane had just hit one of the twin towers in NYC. We were not very busy so I continued to stand at the counter, speculating what sort of plane and talking with the customer about that poor pilot. We all assumed that the plane was one of those small planes that had somehow gotten too close or gone off course.

As we stood there a few other customers came in and said they had heard the same thing. Then one came in and said it was an airliner, not a private plane. I called my husband and asked him if he'd heard. He worked second shift and had been sleeping. He woke up and as we talked about it, the second plane flew into the other tower. He was in shock. I passed along this information to my co-workers and hurried home. I only lived five minutes from home. Our children were in school and it was so surreal as I sat on the sofa watching everything unfold before my very eyes.

I remember when the first tower collapsed. I couldn't believe it. It seemed like something out of a movie, but this was real. They kept showing the planes flying into the building from different angles as they received them from people that had been recording for one reason or another. The stories started to pour in. Some true, some not. I can't remember if the second tower collapsed before I heard about the Pentagon or after, but I remember my heart racing. Knowing this was not a coincidence. That we were under attack.

I remember the video of the president being informed and I recall thinking, our lives have changed forever on this day. The day just got worse at every turn. Then we then heard about the flight in Pennsylvania crashing into a field and knowing this had to have something to do with these other attack. Everything was a blur the rest of the day, but I can still vividly remember sitting on our sofa, not budging. Afraid I would miss some important information. Hearing those alarms go off from the firefighters that were buried under the rubble of the buildings and hugging my children extra tightly when they came home from school that day. We watched late into the night and for days afterward. I will never forget that day as long as I live.

Larry Noak, Cincinnati, Ohio:

It was a Gorgeous morning in Cincinnati,Crisp,sunny and wonderful. I was sweeping the Anderson branch Library parking lot,a task that I loved. A patron drove to the book drop and, rolled down his window and, asked if I had heard the news. I promptly went inside the branch and told Judy Hollweg Hatfield. She went across the street and got a 13 inch TV. All of this occurred in time for us to watch the second plane hit live. At that point we were all INSTANTLY aware of the significance of the events. I would say we were all rattled and unsure of the future... some have tried to downplay the importance of this day...I find it criminal

Esmail Khalili, UT Austin School of Music:

Woke up with my roomie and listened to it on the radio driving to the music building. I didn’t really know what was going on till we got to campus and saw people watching it on the TVs by the green couches (in the foyer of the UT Austin School of Music). Classes were canceled. I spent the rest of the day just watching and making phone calls. I had quite a bit of family in NY.

Patricia Knueven, Cincinnati, Ohio:

My father picked me up from college and was driving me to the bank. We heard the news on the radio. I had no clue what this meant. Until that day I didn't even know about the World Trade Centers and not even that much about New York City. Once I arrived back on campus, I flipped on the news and in horror watched a video stream of the plane impact. I knew it was significant. I didn't cry though. I believe I was in shock and felt like I was watching a horror movie unfold. It totally did not seem like reality to me for a long time afterwards even. I was a Junior that year. I clearly thought that our lives as citizens of the United States would forever be changed from that moment on.

Cecilia Barker, Cincinnati, Ohio:

I was 6 months pregnant when 9/11 happened. I was getting ready for class at home in Clifton with CNN on in the background. At first, I thought the first plane was a tragic accident and then when the second hit, I knew something was up.

I never made it to class that day at NKU and instead was glued to the tv in anticipation of what was to happen. The following days were the worst. My, then husband, became really paranoid about anthrax and other scares to the point that I was not allowed to bring the mail into our apartment. This lasted until our son was born. Then, my husband, became worse and insisted we needed a fire arm to protect ourselves (he and I are both pacifists, so this was difficult to swallow) and our new son from harm. It was a very stressful way to introduce this new life to the world.


David Bird, Cincinnati, Ohio:

I had been asleep for about 30 minutes, having worked the night shift at the aircraft brake plant in Walton. My youngest son Andrew (11), who had stayed home from school with a sore throat, exploded up the stairs and shook me wide awake by yelling, "Dad, dad, an airplane just hit the World Trade Center in New York!"

Now wide awake with heart racing I inquired in rapid succession, "What kind of airplane? Was it an accident?"

He shot back with, "I don't know." on both counts.

We hurried down stairs to the living room and watched the TV images of a smoldering tower, in shock, but with great interest for several minutes.
My questions were answered when we watched the second airplane hit the other tower a few seconds later. It was horrible, but it was infuriating. Somebody had done this on purpose.

The rest of the day was spent in front of the TV and on the phone calling family and friends just to check in and share the horrible events and of that day.

Many thoughts and images come to mind: the Twin towers collapsing, dust clouds, bodies and debris falling from the sky, people running and grieving, the Pentagon, where is the President?, evacuating the White House, armed F-16s in our skys, airplanes grounded, people celebrating in Gaza, the thought that somebody's gonna pay dearly for this! , I wonder if the Marines will take me back after all these years?

I called my oldest son at Purdue University who reported that some "foreign students were celebrating opening on campus".

They apparently dispersed after an angry crowd began to form.

It also occurred to me late in the afternoon "I gotta get some sleep so I can go back to work and make more airplane brakes". That, I decided, was my part in the battle that would surely follow. My company produced brakes for the USAF C-17, which would ultimately deliver the troops and millions of tons of weapons and materiel that would even this score.

David Wyatt, North Carolina:

On 9/11/01, my wife & I were working 3rd shift, so obviously we were asleep when it all happened. But, I awoke at 11:41 AM, & I can't tell you why I remember the time but I do, & went to the restroom. I saw a message was on our machine, so I thought I might need to check it out. It was my Dad, all worked up, saying that the Twin Towers & the Pentagon had fallen to terrorists. Still a little groggy, I figured he must have been mistaken, but he said to turn on the TV, which I did, & as they say, the rest is history.
Before that time, again, I really don't know why, but I had enjoyed noticing how many planes I could see in the sky at the same time, & I had often counted as many as 6 at once. But that evening as we drove to work, of course, there were absolutely no planes in the air, & it is hard to describe the eeriness of that sight. I also began to think of my relationship with the Lord even more, & though I was not walking as close to Him as I should, it was a joy to realize that would I have been in either of those buildings & had my life snuffed out on earth, I would have immediately been in the presence of my wonderful Savior due to His perfect sacrifice on the cross for me. Working at BBN, the Bible Broadcasting Network, also brought opportunities to share the Gospel with others, & listen to the concerns of others with their fears & heart cries. Thanks for this opportunity to share these thoughts bro. Brian. God Bless.

Tracy Espejo:

To begin with, I was in NYC the weekend before 9/11. I went to a Yankees game at Yankee Stadium on Friday night. On Saturday night, we ate at an Italian Restaurant in SoHo. We ate next to two guys who were in town on business. One stayed at the hotel Millennium that was destroyed. We drove back to Boston (where I was living at the time) on Sunday 9/9.

I went to work on 9/11 like everyday. I worked at a charter school in Lynn, Ma and was there by 7:30. I taught starting at 8, took my students to specials (10:30), and I saw a fellow teacher crying the hall. I asked what happen and she told me. I called my husband (ex), Mike. He told me that a plane had flown into the twin towers and they fell. I called him a liar because I was watching a taped (Live) news cast. He told me that it happened two hours ago. I asked about his cousin, who lived in SoHo, but worked in Jersey. Mike told me that he watched both towers fall out the window of his work. He worked across the Hudson River from Lower Manhattan. His girlfriend was supposed to have to have a meeting at WTC Tower #1 at 9:00. He finally got a hold of her at 3:00 P.M. because of the overloading of the phone lines. She was fine, but was on her way to the meeting when the first plane hit. As far as the gentlemen we ate with them, we don't know what happened to them. I spent the afternoon trying to explain what happened to my 6th grade students. It was difficult because we didn't know much at that time and on top of that, I had a Muslim student too. That evening, Mike's family got together to watch all the news, we spent it with another cousin who lived in New Jersey, but happened to be in Boston that week. It was hard to wrap my brain around what happened.

One month later, we were back in NYC and tried to get as close as were allowed at the time. There was still smoke rising from the debris, and there were windows blocks away that happened to be blown out by the falling of the the towers. By that point, there were hundreds of flyers that were still up for missing people. Pictures, names, info about missing loved ones. All around Manhattan, there were make-shift memorials to those who died on that day.

Kim Moore, Cincinnati, Ohio:

I was at work that morning wehn a co-worker said her husband called with news a plane had hit
the WTC . We assumed it was a small plane. When news came of the second plane we became aware that it was a deliberate attack. We turned on radios to listen in and heard about the pentagon and then Shanksville PA. I felt like my world was spinning. Things have come "right" but have never been the same. I have never been more proud of my countrymen than on that day."

Maurice Russell, Denver, Colorado:

I was getting my 4yr old stepson ready for school when first plane hit. When I took him to school, my then-wife called my cell telling me a second plane hit. I walked back into the school, and pulled my son out and came back home..I was freaking out and crying

Mrs. Sara Batangi Cuthbertson, Sydney, Australia:

On 9/11... I was asleep when it happened and when I turned the TV on before I went to school. It was all over the news and for that day at school it's all anyone was talking about, who did it, conspiracy theories etc... but after about a week it wasn't really mentioned again, down here

Jessica Guilliam Valls, Austin, Texas:

I had just arrived at a middle school in Austin, TX, to teach a few lessons, and heard about the first plane on the radio. They thought it was an accident at that point. When I left the school 2.5 hours later, I heard all the terrible news and arrived home about an hour after the second tower fell. What a sad, sad day it was.

Amy Osweiler Thompson, Cincinnati, Ohio:

I was sleeping when the first plane hit. Woke up when my dad came in from looking at cars...he raced home...the first thing i thought of it was a cargo plane that got lost or something. I know that sounds weird but at the time....hind sight and all...I just couldnt believe it. I do think they need to show the planes hitting the buildings on the anniversary. Too many people have forgotten it. But the news media wont....their afraid it might offend the Muslims...well what about us Christians!!

Mary Anne Bruner, Flagstaff, Arizona:

I was here in Flagstaff, getting ready for classes. A friend caught me on the phone, said "turn on the TV", and hung up. I sat, mesmerized by the unbelievable, unthinkable acts. I taught my afternoon class, but sent out an email blast that we would be talking about "the incidents", and anyone who felt uncomfortable or unable to join in would be excused. More than one of my (college) students asked to be excused, so they could go donate blood. It was an incredible outpouring of caring, a need to DO something. The irony for me is, I was on the 92nd floor of the South Tower in late July.

Annette Benevides, Austin, Texas:

I was sleeping in before my first class my junior year in college. My land line rang and I
immediately thought, "who the hell would call me this early on my "late day?" It was my mother, who told me to turn on the tv, that planes had hit the world trade center. I put the tv on and sat there in shock staring at the replays of the towers being hit. Hearing all of the panic, the misinformation, the radios and tvs were filled with so many shaky voices. It was the first time in my life that something truly awful had ever happened, and I had no idea what was going to come next. I think that's the day I "grew up.”

Merilynn Rose, Cincinnati, Ohio:

I was in the living room with the kids when it came on TV. I was shocked. The boys and I watched not knowing what was really going on. We hugged and said thank you God for all of us here. Right after that, my sister called and said Jenny (my niece) had been in the tower the day before applying for a job. What a difference a day can make in a family’s life. We were so grateful that she didn’t choose 9/11 to go there. We were saddened at the loss and pissed at the same time at the responsible party involved. I never wished anyone dead, but at that moment I wanted our forces to find the S.O.B. and the rest of his posse and do them in.

Amanda Daniel, Austin, Texas:

I was a senior in high school on September 11, 2001. I was in my first period class when the teacher next door came into our classroom to tell my teacher something with a scared look on her face. We tried getting service on the classroom tv, and we all started logging onto the Internet. It was very scary. I went to Del Valle High school, so we were pretty close to Austin Bergstrom International Airport, and we were on lockdown. I'll never forget that day, and watching live on tv the World Trade Center tower collapse. That whole day all we talked about was what happened, and watched it all on tv. It was a very scary day! God bless all the men and women that were lost that dreadful morning.

Judith Camps; UT Austin School of Music:

As for 9/11, it was my mother’s birthday; however, I was at work and Francesca or someone heard it on the news and Elaine (Law) found a TV and we watched it off and on in the conference room up here. Being September everyone was still busy with beginning of the semester stuff so we just watched the TV off and on. We couldn’t believe it.

Gary Price; Issaquah Washingtom:

Hi Brian, thanks for the post. Here is my story … On September 11, 2001, I was a single Dad raising 3 girls who were 12, 10 and 8 at the time having lost my wife to cancer the year before. We lived in Issaquah, Washington so I was sleeping at 5 AM when the first plane hit. My phone rang about 5:30 AM jarring me from a deep sleep with the sound of my Mother saying, "They're bombing the tower, they're bombing the tower, turn on your TV, it's horrible!" I quickly jumped up and turned on the TV just as the second plane was hitting the second tower. I watched, like everyone else, in shocked disbelief. Within the next hour, I needed to get the kids off to school and me off to work. I wondered if I should keep the TV on? Should I pull the kids out of school? Should I go to work? I just remember feeling a horrible shock and was even more disoriented as a recent widower trying to raise three girls on my own. Ultimately, I turned off the TV, told the girls that something awful had happened, and that we needed to go on the best we could under the circumstances. I took them to school, I went to work …. for about an hour. I then turned around, picked the kids up from school, and we enjoyed a beautiful day together with others in a park. We all cried trying to find solace in one another. We all knew someone in Manhattan we were concerned about. We all had friends on planes stranded somewhere with no news coming in quickly. Only prayers and concern as we stayed together hoping for something good to happen or to wake up from this nightmare. The skies were eerily quiet as no flights came in or out of Seattle until Friday of that week. Condolences to all directly 
impacted.


Associated Press/Justin Lane
Robert Peraza, who lived in Mason at the time of the 9/11 attacks, pauses at his son's name at the North Pool of the 9/11 Memorial before the 10th anniversary ceremony on Sunday Sept. 11, 2011, in New York


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Sunday, September 8, 2013

SEPTEMBER 8 = Hurricane of 1900 Wrecks Galveston


"Queen of the Waves, look forth across the ocean
From north to south, from east to stormy west,
See how the waters with tumultuous motion
Rise up and foam without a pause or rest.
"But fear we not, tho' storm clouds round us gather,
Thou art our Mother and thy little Child
Is the All Merciful, our loving Brother
God of the sea and of the tempest wild." 
("Click on the Blue words "Queen of the Waves" to hear the song in children's Choral version) 

These are the first two verses of "Queen of the Waves", an old French Hymn sung by the children of St. Mary's Orphanage as the storm waters of the Gulf of Mexico carried them to their deaths at the height of the Hurricane of 1900 which ravaged the city of Galveston, Texas on today's date 116 years ago.  The poor children of this orphanage were but one of many such tales to arise from this deadly storm, which descended on Galveston and whipped it mercilessly for some twelve hours that day; the picture at the top of this posting doesn't begin to tell the story.  Before it had spent its fury between 6,000 and 12,000 people had been killed, making it the deadliest natural disaster in United States history. And some 20 million dollars in damage had been sustained.

Galveston, Texas: Rich, Prosperous and Exposed....

Sitting as it did at the entrance to a bay which lead to Houston, deep in the heart of Texas, Galveston was the fourth wealthiest city per capita in the United States and the second biggest grain shipping port in the country, taking in some $300 million in imports and exports per year. And sitting as it did on a four mile wide sand bar that was barely five feet above sea level the city was dangerously exposed to the fickle winds of the Gulf of Mexico. But city leaders pointed to the fact that past storms had always veered to the northeast as an excuse not to build a hurricane wall. Indeed, Meteorologist Issac Cline had dismissed the thought that a hurricane could seriously damage Galveston as "a crazy idea."

Issac's "Crazy Idea" Comes Tragically to Life

But the "crazy idea" as Issac (pictured below) called it came tragically to life. By 10:00 am the wind was rudely shoving rain bursts into the island at 30 mph.  And ships at anchor began tossing against splintering piers.  The business section of town which faced the bay soon found itself flooding with four feet of water surging down Market Street.  The Cline brothers (Issac and
Joseph) took it upon themselves to issue a Hurricane warning without consulting with the National Weather Bureau in Washington, as well as issuing other warnings in the area.  But claims later made by Issac that he hitched a wagon and rode down to the beach to warn people there are not supported by any eyewitnesses. Nevertheless, Issac did record: "The water rose at a steady rate from 3 until 7:30 pm when there was a sudden rise of about four feet in as many seconds." Cline was himself nearly drowned, but his pregnant wife was drowned.  He saved one of his daughters and Joseph saved the other two.                                                                          

Some of the Tales of Horror and Escape.

Father James Kerwin of St. Mary's Cathedral, which lost a five ton bell which had been pealing out a warning of the storm, had many stories to relate that were told him by parishioners.  One was of a man named Meyer, who was a butcher. Meyer had already lost his own wife and child in the storm.  He was floating along on a raft when he saw two children struggling to make it in the torrential flood.  He grabbed them and realizing that they would pull his raft under if he took them on it, he pulled the children along and put them in a stable which had lodged itself against a telegraph pole.  He then floated off in his raft, and exhausted, fell asleep.  Awaking he found himself on a dry street and a day later remembered the children, and returning to the stable found the two kids crying... they turned out to be his sister's children.

The disaster struck rich and poor alike.  The beautiful Miss Sarah Summers, one of the most eligible young women in the city had refused to leave her elegant home.  According to newspaper reports, she was found later, "....near her home, the corner of Tremont Street and Avenue F, her lips smiling, but her features set in death, her hands grasping her diamonds tightly."

Richard Spillane, a Galveston newspaper reporter filed the following report:

"Very few if any buildings escaped injury. There is hardly a habitable dry house in the city. When the people who had escaped death went out at daylight to view the work of the tempest and floods they saw the most horrible sights imaginable. In the three blocks from Avenue N to Avenue P, in Tremont street, 
I saw eight bodies. Four corpses were in one yard. The whole of the business front for three blocks in from the Gulf was stripped of every vestige of habitation, the dwellings, the great bathing establishments, the Olympia and every structure having been either carried out to sea or its ruins piled in a pyramid far into the town, according to the vagaries of the tempest. The first hurried glance over the city showed that the largest structures, supposed to be the most substantially built, suffered the greatest. "  One of those larger buildings on which Mr. Spillane then reported was St. Mary's Orphanage.

The Children and the Nuns of St. Mary's

Of all the tragic stories of that horrific night, there were none that were sadder than the destruction of St. Mary's Orphanage.  The Orphanage was made up of two wooden structures built less than 100 yards from the beach.  Many of the children there had lost their parents in the Yellow Fever epidemics, and it was thought at that time that the cool and clean ocean breezes would make that location safe from the dreaded Yellow Fever.  But some 90 children and 10 Nuns perished that night.  The Sisters of Charity of the Incarnate Word, the order that ran the orphanage in 2000 published an account of the 1900 storm to commemorate the 100'th Anniversary of the tragedy:

"Recognizing the severity of the storm, the sisters brought all of the children into the girls dormitory, because it was the newer and the stronger of the two.  To calm the children the sisters had them sing 'Queen of the Waves', and old French Hymn, traditionally sung during storms by fishermen and friends seeking the protection of Mary, mother of Jesus, Queen of the Waves.  

"Late that afternoon, the waters of the gulf filled the first floor of the dormitory.  In an effort to protect the children, the sisters tied the orphans to themselves with clothesline.  Each sister tied to herself six to eight children. It was a valiant yet sacrificial effort. With the winds howling the sisters and children heard the loud crash of the boys dormitory, as it gave way to the flood waters.  Again they sang the hymn.  Eventually, the girls dormitory was lifted from its foundation by the rising waters, and sank. Only three boys were able to escape."

What follows are the remaining verses of the Hymn:

"Help, then sweet Queen, in our exceeding danger,
By thy seven griefs, in pity Lady save;
Think of the Babe that slept within the manger
And help us now, dear Lady of the Wave.
"Up to thy shrine we look and see the glimmer
Thy votive lamp sheds down on us afar;
Light of our eyes, oh let it ne'er grow dimmer,
Till in the sky we hail the morning star.
"Then joyful hearts shall kneel around thine altar
And grateful psalms re-echo down the nave;
Never our faith in thy sweet power can falter,
Mother of God, our Lady of the Wave."


As Mr. Spillane wrote at the time:

"The city rose from its ruins as if by magic. Street after street was cleared of debris. A small army of men worked from early morn until the shadows of night descended, to lift the city from its burden of wreckage. Then, when danger of epidemic seemed passed, attention was turned to commerce. The bay was strewn with stranded vessels. Monster ocean steamers weighing thousands of tons had been picked up like toys, driven across the lowlands, and thrown far from their moorings. One big steam ship was hurled through three bridges, another, weighing 4,000 tons, was carried twenty-two miles from deep water, and dashed against a bayou bluff in another county. The great wharves and warehouses along the bay front were a mass of splintered, broken timbers. But the mighty energy of man worked wonders. Marvelous to say, under such conditions, a bridge 2% miles long was built across the bay within seven days and Galveston, which had been cut off from the world, was once more in active touch with all the marts of trade and commerce. An undaunted people strove as only an indomitable people can strive, to rehabilitate the city."

Sources:
Wrecked Galveston City Center =

Artistic Images =
http://www.gutenberg.org/files/34304/34304-h/34304-h.htm


Texts:

"Darkest Hours" by Jay Robert Nash, Wallaby Books, New York, 1977







                                                









Saturday, September 7, 2013

SEPTEMBER 7 = The Battle of Borodino

"One is surprised -- even shocked -- at the relative compactness of the site, the scene of the worst  effusion of blood in the nineteenth century.   Between dawn and dusk that day in 1812, an area of eight square miles saw some 70,000 fatalities, both sides included.  It was the equivalent.... to a jumbo-jet load of passengers crashing every five minutes for eight hours with no survivors; a thought that gives me reason to pause awhile."

- Dr. David G. Chandler on the battlefield of Borodino, viewed in August of 1970.

It was dubbed by no less an authority than Napoleon himself as "The most terrible of all my battles".  The battle of Borodino took place on today's date, September 7 in 1812.  And it was a truly bloody battle waged with artillery playing a particularly destructive role and without any of the dashing flanking maneuvers of past Napoleonic engagements.  For this was the climactic brawl of the climactic campaign of Napoleon's career, a campaign which would spell his certain doom right up front where the rest of the Europe which he had tyrannized since 1800, could see it unmistakably.

Napoleon in Russia, Tsar Alexander I, and Kutuzov

Napoleon was by 1812 the master of Europe. But like all megalomaniacs he had to have it ALL. He sought to force the European continent into the "Continental System" by which he hoped to close all Europe to trade with the Brits. But the Russian Empire under her Tsar, Alexander I was a big fat hole in that plan. Thus he undertook to invade Russia in June of 1812. He thought a few weeks would bring a decisive enagement with the Russians, he would beat them, and that would be it. But he didn't reckon on the Tsar's or the Russian people's reaction to an invasion of "Holy Russia." Against this, they would turn very nasty indeed, and no simple battle would be enough to force them out. This
mystical bond with "Holy Russia" was enough to force the Czar to appoint  Mikhail Illiaronovich Kutuzov (right) to the command of the Russian forces.  The Czar had hated Kutuzov ever since he had  been so right at the Battle of Austerlitz, and the Czar so wrong.  But the cry amongst the Russian nobility to appoint a "true Russian" to command the Russian forces instead of Barclay de Tolly (an ethnic German),  who had commanded up until then, had become too intense to ignore. So the fat, one-eyed Kutuzov was brought on board.

Borodino - The Big Showdown???

Barclay had several times withdrawn the Russian forces from Napoleon's grasp in search of more favorable ground on which to defeat the Great Napoleon on the battlefield. This had the quite incidental, but ultimately decisive effect of drawing Napoleon into the vast interior of Russia, wherein his supply lines were stretched dangerously far, and he was like a goose with his neck on the chopping block. And as far as I can tell, only Kutuzov realized this. But the great battle everyone had been demanding had to be fought to "save Russia's honor".  So Kutuzov chose to fight it out on the field of Borodino, some 70 miles west of Russia's holy capital city of Moscow.  It was hardly an ideal spot, but as Clausewitz said: "If someone wants to fight a battle without delay.. it is obvious he must take what he can get!" Hoping to inspire his men to greater effort Napoleon issued a decree: "Soldiers! Here is the battle you have so long wished for... let the remotest posterity cite your conduct on this day... let it be said of you 'that person was at the great battle fought under the walls of Moscow'!" But Georges de Chambray says "The minds of the soldiers were not disposed for enthusiasm; this proclamtion was coldy received."  

             
 Murder- ous Progress of the Battle

The map above ("Click" on it to enlarge) gives an account of the battles progress: it began with a murderous French artillery barrage on the south end of the line against the Fleches commanded by Prince Bagration, who was killed in the assault.  It was a very uninspired effort by Napoleon, a simple frontal assault.  The fleches were taken, followed by the Russian positions further south.  The French then assaulted the "Great" or "Raevski Redoubt" a heavily fortified position at the center of the Russian lines. Following an unsuccessful Russian counter-attack to relieve the pressure on that position, the French turned their full attention to the Great Redoubt, finally taking it by 4:00 p.m. that day.

The Destruction on the Battlefield , and the Escape of the Russian Army

The scene to be found inside the Great Redoubt was truly horrible.  The Russian artillery (pictured above) had fought bravely with incredible tenacity, but had payed a heavy price.  According to Eugene Labaume:  "The interior of the Great Redoubt presented a horrid picture.  The dead were heaped on one another. The feeble cries of the wounded were scarcely heard amid the surrounding tumult.  The parapets, demolished, had their embrasures entirely destroyed.  In the midst of this scene of carnage I discovered the body of a Russian cannoneer, decorated with three crosses.  In one hand he held a broken sword, and with the other, firmly grasped the carriage of the gun at which he had so valiantly fought."   

But the Russian army had managed to escape!! This was a key moment when the dash and elan of the young General Bonaparte was replaced by the unimaginative older Emperor. His plan of attack was essentially a frontal assault, with no attempt to turn the Russian flank, and throughout the battle, he just sat on a chair with his leg propped up on a drum (above), taking very little of the kind of active role which he would have taken in the past. And at the moment late in the battle, when he might have finally caught up with and destroyed the Russian Army, he refused to commit the Imperial Guard, his finest troops in his arsenal.  He was unwilling to commit his last reserves, so far from home.  This was a cautious attitude which he would have tossed to the winds in the past. And it cost him here his one chance to break his enemy by finishing off his army.

He would move his men into Moscow following the battle, but the Russians burnt the city to the ground  (right) And the damn Tsar refused to react to the news of his "loss" at Borodino by negotiating for peace.  He had warned  Napoleon's ambassador before the invasion that he would be the last to sheath his sword... Napoleon had not reckoned on the effect that his violation of "Holy Russia" would have on the Tsar and his people... there would be NO peace talks this time as there had been after previous defeats. Napoleon was thus forced to retreat through the freezing snow of the Russian winter. He had won a victory at Borodino, but it had been purely by virtue of being the last man standing. And that wiley old veteran Kutuzov had been the only one who saw Napoleon's exposed position. In the words of Clausewitz: "....the frivolous Kutuzov responded with brazen arrogance and endless boasting and so sailed with good fortune through the enormous gap that was already opening in the French lines."
     


Sources =

"History of the Russian Expedition" - Georges de Chambray, Pairs, 1828.  Transl. by unknown scholar, viewed at the Collections Deposit Library, University of Texas at Austin in 1992.

"Relations and Circumstances of the Russian Campaign of 1812" - Eugene Labaume, London, 1815.
Translator unknown; volume in Humanities Research Library, University of Texas at Austin.

- Dr. David G. Chandler, Greenhill Books, London, 1994.


- Alan Palmer, Simon and Schuster, New York, 1967







- Carl von Clausewitz, Princeton University Press. Pricneton, New Jersey, 1992

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Wednesday, September 4, 2013

SEPTEMBER 4 = Geronimo Surrenders


"When I arrived at their camp I went directly to General Miles and told him how I had been wronged, and that I wanted to return to the United States with my people, as we wished to see our families, who had been captured and taken away from us."

- Geronimo (left) on his meeting with General Miles

"He was one of the brightest, most resolute, determined looking men I have ever encountered.  He had the clearest, sharpest dark eye I think I have ever seen.... Every movement indicated power, energy and determination.  In everything he did, he had a purpose."

- General Nelson A. Miles on Geronimo


On today's date, September 4 in 1886, Apache warrior/leader Geronimo surrendered to the U.S. Army troops in Arizona.  By this point in time, Geronimo had been conducting a guerilla war against both the U.S. and Mexican governments over the rights to his tribe's homelands since 1856, when his family was killed. His name had become a dreaded specter on both sides of the border in that area (the Southwestern U.S.).  But he had run out of time and places to hide; his people were exhausted and outnumbered so he finally gave himself up to the U.S. Government.  But in spite of General Miles respectful impression, the U.S. had no intention of allowing him to return to his native land.

The Apaches -vs- the United States and Mexico

The word "Apache" actually covers several linguistically related tribes which populated the section of  North America which now comprises roughly the Amerian states of Arizona and New Mexico and some adjacent areas including northern Mexico.  This included the San Carlos, Mescalero, Lipan, Jicarilla, and Gerrnimo's tribe, the Chiricahua Apaches.  Dating from their initial contacts with the Spanish in the 16'th Century the Apaches had been in coninuous struggle with the white peoples who encroached upon their tribal lands, and committed frequent massacres, including the 1858 murder of Geronimo's mother, his wife and his children at the hands of Mexican troops. According to historian William Brandon:

"More than anything else, it was probably the incessant kidnaping and enslave- ment of their women and children that gave Apaches their mad-dog enmity toward the whites (pictured above, captured Chiricahau, circa 1880's), from the earliest Spanish times onward. It was officially estimated that 2,000 slaves were held by the white people of New Mexico and Arizona in 1866 after 20 years of American rule -- unofficial estimates placed the figure several times higher."

The Chiricahua had been on comparatively amicable terms with the whites until 1861 when an Army officer imprisoned and hanged several Apache leaders who had been helping build a Stage Coach station through Apache Pass in the Chiricahua mountains. Chief Cochise was one of those who escaped, and who, along with Geronimo conducted a merciless war with the whites. The Apaches were extremely skilled fighters, using horses to conduct lightening fast raids on white setlements and army posts killing in huge numbers.  They could cover some 40 miles a day on foot and 75 on horseback. "No Indian has more virtues and none has been more truly ferocious when aroused." in the words of Captain John Bourke, and adjutant to General George Crook, whom the United States sent into the area to put an end to the Apache problems in 1871. Towards the end of a career in which he engendered legends  for escapes from caves with no exits and from vastly greater numbers of  Army troops, Geronimo led a group of about  36 men, women and children.  During this period when his was the last major Indian force still resisting the U.S. Army, he became the most famous and the most feared Native American leader of his day.

 The United States Army Finally Catches Up With Geronimo....

 General Crook, a tough, but comple- tely honest soldier chased Geron- imo's band back and forth across the Mexican border . He finally caught up with him in March of 1886. In the photograph shown above, which was taken during a parley to negotiate Geronimo's surrender, Geronimo is third from the left, and Gen. Crook is second from the right.  After agreeing to surrender, Crook and his men were transporting Geronimo north into the United States, when he escaped again.  By now the U.S. Government had had enough of General Crook and his honorable approach to dealing with the Apaches in general and Geronimo in particular.  So he was replaced by General Miles (below).  And General Miles was able, by essentially promising the moon to Geronimo, to talk him into surrendering again.  As Geronimo remembered it later:

"So General Miles told me how we could be brothers to each other. We raised our hands to heaven and said that the treaty was not to be broken. We took an oath not to do any wrong to each other or to scheme against each other.  Then he talked with me for a long time and told me what he would do for me in the future if I agreed to the treaty.  I did not greatly believe General Miles, but because the President of the United States (Grover Cleveland at this time) had sent me word I agreed to make the Treaty and to keep it."

Once he had given himself up and was safely in U.S. custody, Miles had Geronimo clapped in irons. Then he was immediately and, quite unceremoniously, along with all of General Crooks old Indian Scouts, as well as every last Chiricahua Miles could find sent as a prisoner to Florida. This number included those who had not been amongst Geronimo's group at all, but who had been living peacefully on the reservation the whole time. Also in this forced exile from their homeland was the rival Chiricahua leader Chatto, who had helped in bringing Geronimo in, in hopes of sparing his remaining people more hardship.  Geronimo for his part took up farming in Florida and became quite successful at it.  He even took advantage of his celebrity in 1903 when he was taken (under guard) to the St. Louis World's Fair wherein he sold pictures of himself to amazed tourists for 25 cents each.  He took part in Theodore Roosevelt's inaugural parade in 1905.  But he always regretted having surrendered. He died in Fort Sill, Oklahoma in 1909 from complications of pneumonia.  His last words were to his nephew: "I should have never surrendered. I should have fought until I was the last man alive." He was never permitted to return to his homeland in the Southwest, not even in death: he was buried at Fort Sill, Oklahoma in the Apache Indian Prisoner of War Cemetery.

READERS!! If you would like to comment on this, or any "Today in History" posting, I would love to hear from you!!  You can either sign up to be a member of this blog and post a comment in the space provided below, or you can simply e-mail me directly at:  krustybassist@gmail.com  I seem to be getting hits on this site all over the world, so please do write and let me know how you like what I'm writing (or not!)!!

Sources:

"Geronimo and Chatto: Alternative Apache Ways" by Edwin R. Sweeney, "Wild West"Aug2007, Vol. 20 Issue 2

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geronimo

Narrative by William Brandon, American Heritage Publ. Co., New York, 1961.







As told to S.M. Barrett, Penguin Books, New York, 1984








By Angie Debo, Univ. of Oklahoma Press, Norman, OK., 1976









+ 229.

Sunday, September 1, 2013

SEPTEMBER 1 = World War II Begins - 80 Years Ago


Early in the morning hours of today's date, September 1 in 1939,
World War II begun.  It (above, German troops destroy a Polish boarder crossing) started as a result of the invasion of Poland by German troops which commenced at 4:45 a.m. when 56 German divisions smashed across the Polish boarder and began rumbling towards Bialystok, Cracow, and Warsaw, the polish capital city.  1500 planes of the Luftwaffe (the German Air force) began diving down upon the Polish cities in this first taste of "Blitzkrieg" ("Lightening War") which was to characterize so much of this conflict.  The reasons which Germany gave in public were Polish attacks upon German civilians living in Danzig, a German city separating Germany from a portion of its territory, East Prussia.  But the real reason is that the German leader, Adolf Hitler - "Der Fuehrer" was determined to launch Germany on a war of conquest. By the time it was all over some six years later, the world had been gobbled up into World War II... the most destructive war in human history.

September 1, 1939: Hitler Bellows His Lies to the World

In this posting, I will try to let eyewitness accounts tell most of the story.  William L. Shirer writes:

"Overhead German warplanes roared toward their targets, Polish ...soldiers and civilians alike, the first taste of sudden death and destruction from the skies.... It was a gray, somewhat sultry morning in Berlin (the capital of Germany), with clouds hanging low over the city, giving it some protection from hostile bombers, which were feared but never came.  The people in the streets, I noticed were apathetic despite the immensity of the news which had greeted them...." Then Hitler addressed the "Reichstag" (the
German parliament, right): "Having lied so often on his way to power... Hitler could not refrain at this serious moment in history from thundering a few more lies to the gullible German people in justification of his wanton act: 
'You know the endless attempts I have made at a peaceful clarification and understanding of the problem in Austria and later of the problem of he Sudetenland, Bohemia and Moravia.  It was all in vain.... This night for the first time Polish regular soldiers fired on our own territory. Since 5:45 a.m., we have been returning the fire, and from now on bombs will be met with bombs!'
Thus was faked the German attack on the German radio station (which was) carried out by S.S. men in Polish uniforms and...used by the Chancellor of Germany as justification of  his cold-blooded aggression against Poland."

The World Watches as the Peace is Shattered

While in America the newspapers were filled with the darkest headlines. The New York Times, pictured below, trumpeted the news that day. In Cincinnati, the Enquirer blared:
"EUROPE HOSTILITIES ON" in banner headlines across the top of its Sept. 1 morning editions.  "DANZIG TAKEN; POLAND BOMBED" While the Cincinnati Post said in its later evening edition: "NAZIS WAR ON POLAND", and "FRANCE, ENGLAND READY" Which sadly for hapless Poland proved to be untrue. England and France did indeed declare war on Germany two days later.  But the vacillating and appeasing government of British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain was unprepared to do anything to help the Poles on the ground.  They were left to their own devices even as the Soviet Russians invaded their country from the east, thus snatching up the spoils of their corrupt bargain with the Nazis - their "Non-Aggression Pact" with Germany of a few months earlier.  The Cincinnati Post opined with classic understatement : "As this is written the mad march to war is quickstepping over the hill to Armageddon."   The Enquirer had earlier reported: "Target Areas Free of Children as London Evacuates 500,000 to Country"

The Evacuation of British Children on Sept. 1, 1939

A reporter for the Daily Telegraph in England, Hilde Marchant (below) reported the following poignant scenes:
"It was not until Friday morning, September 1, that I really took the sharp, agonized breath of war. The office had told me to cover the evacuation of some of London's schoolchildren.  It was (at) a big Council school and the classrooms were filled with children, parcels, gas masks.  The children were not going to school for lessons.  They were going on a holiday.  The children were excited and happy because their parents had told them they were going away to the country.  On the gates of the school were two fat policemen. They were letting the children through but gently asking the parents not to come further.  They might disturb the children.  So mothers and fathers were saying goodbye, straightening the girl's hair, getting the boys to blow their noses, and lightly and quickly kissing them.  The parents stood outside while the children went to be registered in their classrooms.  It was disturbing for through the high grille their mothers pressed their faces trying to see the one child that resembled them.  Every now and then the policeman would call out a child's name, and a mother who had forgotten a bar of chocolate or a toothbrush would have a last chance to tell a child to be good, to write and to straighten her hat.
   "Labelled and lined up, the children began to move out of the school.  On one side of Gray's Inn Road this ragged crocodile moved towards the tube station.  On the other, were the mothers who were who were waving and running along to see the last of their children.  The police had asked them not to follow, but they could not resist. 
  "The children scrambled down into the tube."  


Sources:

"World War II" by C.L. Sulzberger, American Heritage Publishing Co. Inc., New York, 1960

"The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich" by William L. Shirer, Simon & Schuster, 1960

The Cincinnati Enquirer, Friday Morning, Sept. 1, 1939, Vol. XCIX, No. 145

The Cincinnati Post, Friday, Sept. 1, 1939, Second Extra Afternoon Edition, Vol. 118 No. 54

"Eyewitness to History" Edited by John Carey, Avon Books, New York, 1987

http://annesebba.blogspot.com/2011/02/dont-blame-women.html

Images =

Germans breaking Polish boarder crossing -
http://www.germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org/sub_image.cfm?image_id=2001

Hitler 's speech -
http://www.findingdulcinea.com/news/on-this-day/September-October-08/On-This-Day--Nazi-Germany-invades-Poland--starting-World-War-II.html

N.Y. Times Page 1 -
http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/0901.html

Hilde Marchant -
http://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/hilde-marchant-a-member-of-the-public-invited-to-a-news-photo/3419756